"高雅" meaning in All languages combined

See 高雅 on Wiktionary

Adjective [Chinese]

IPA: /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/, /kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/, /ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/, /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/, /ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/, /ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/, /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/, /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/ Chinese transliterations: gāoyǎ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄠ ㄧㄚˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gou¹ ngaa⁵ [Cantonese, Jyutping], kô-ngá [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], ko-ngá, gāoyǎ [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], gaoyǎ [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kao¹-ya³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gāu-yǎ [Mandarin, Yale], gauyea [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гаоя [Mandarin, Palladius], gaoja [Mandarin, Palladius], gōu ngáh [Cantonese, Yale], gou¹ ngaa⁵ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gou¹ nga⁵ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], kô-ngá [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], go´ nga` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], go¹ nga³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ko-ngá [Hokkien, POJ], ko-ngá [Hokkien, Tai-lo], koingar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 高雅
  1. elegant; refined; tasteful Derived forms: 高雅文化 (gāoyǎ wénhuà)
    Sense id: en-高雅-zh-adj-50yo-u2t Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Synonyms: 優美 (yōuměi) (english: of music, scenery), 优美 (yōuměi) (english: of music, scenery), 典雅 (diǎnyǎ), 古雅 (gǔyǎ), (xián) [in-compounds, literary], (xián) [in-compounds, literary], 嫻靜 (xiánjìng), 娴静 (xiánjìng), 幽美 (yōuměi) (english: of an environment) [literary], (bīn) [in-compounds, literary], 彬彬 (bīnbīn) [literary], 文雅 (wényǎ), 文靜 (wénjìng), 文静 (wénjìng), 斯文 (sīwén), 斯文胎胎 (si1 wen2 tai1 tai1) [Sichuanese], 斯斯文文 (sīsīwénwén), 柔美 (róuměi) (english: of music, scenery), 酥巧 [Hokkien, Xiamen], 雅相 (ia3 sian4) [Xiang], 雅緻 (yǎzhì), 雅致 (yǎzhì), 高尚 (gāoshàng)

Adjective [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ːɡa̠] Forms: 高雅 [canonical] (ruby: (こう), ()), kōga [romanization], kauga [romanization], 高雅な [adnominal] (ruby: (こう), ()), 高雅に [adverbial] (ruby: (こう), ())
Head templates: {{ja-adj|こうが|hhira=かうが|infl=na}} 高(こう)雅(が) • (kōga) ^(←かうが (kauga)?)-na (adnominal 高(こう)雅(が)な (kōga na), adverbial 高(こう)雅(が)に (kōga ni))
  1. refined; elegant; chaste

Noun [Korean]

Forms: goa [romanization], 고아 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hangeul=고아|rv=}} 高雅 • (goa) (hangeul 고아)
  1. Hanja form of 고아. Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 고아

Noun [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} 高雅, {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} 高雅
  1. chữ Hán form of cao nhã.

Download JSON data for 高雅 meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dīxià",
      "word": "低下"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dīsú",
      "word": "低俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dījí",
      "word": "低級"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dījí",
      "word": "低级"
    },
    {
      "roman": "súqì",
      "word": "俗氣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "súqì",
      "word": "俗气"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuk6 gwat1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "俗骨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cāngsú",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "傖俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cāngsú",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "伧俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bēisú",
      "word": "卑俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōngsú",
      "word": "庸俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐsú",
      "word": "鄙俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐlìn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "鄙吝"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "gāoyǎ wénhuà",
          "word": "高雅文化"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "elegant; refined; tasteful"
      ],
      "id": "en-高雅-zh-adj-50yo-u2t",
      "links": [
        [
          "elegant",
          "elegant"
        ],
        [
          "refined",
          "refined"
        ],
        [
          "tasteful",
          "tasteful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "of music, scenery",
          "roman": "yōuměi",
          "word": "優美"
        },
        {
          "english": "of music, scenery",
          "roman": "yōuměi",
          "word": "优美"
        },
        {
          "roman": "diǎnyǎ",
          "word": "典雅"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gǔyǎ",
          "word": "古雅"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xián",
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "嫻"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xián",
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "娴"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xiánjìng",
          "word": "嫻靜"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xiánjìng",
          "word": "娴静"
        },
        {
          "english": "of an environment",
          "roman": "yōuměi",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "幽美"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bīn",
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "彬"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bīnbīn",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "彬彬"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wényǎ",
          "word": "文雅"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénjìng",
          "word": "文靜"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénjìng",
          "word": "文静"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sīwén",
          "word": "斯文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "si1 wen2 tai1 tai1",
          "tags": [
            "Sichuanese"
          ],
          "word": "斯文胎胎"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sīsīwénwén",
          "word": "斯斯文文"
        },
        {
          "english": "of music, scenery",
          "roman": "róuměi",
          "word": "柔美"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien",
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "酥巧"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ia3 sian4",
          "tags": [
            "Xiang"
          ],
          "word": "雅相"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yǎzhì",
          "word": "雅緻"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yǎzhì",
          "word": "雅致"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gāoshàng",
          "word": "高尚"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄠ ㄧㄚˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ ngaa⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kô-ngá"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kao¹-ya³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāu-yǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gauyea"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гаоя"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaoja"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōu ngáh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ ngaa⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ nga⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kô-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "go´ nga`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "go¹ nga³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koingar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "高雅",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高雅な",
      "roman": "kōga na",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adnominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高雅に",
      "roman": "kōga ni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうが",
        "hhira": "かうが",
        "infl": "na"
      },
      "expansion": "高(こう)雅(が) • (kōga) ^(←かうが (kauga)?)-na (adnominal 高(こう)雅(が)な (kōga na), adverbial 高(こう)雅(が)に (kōga ni))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "refined; elegant; chaste"
      ],
      "id": "en-高雅-ja-adj-aRy1Sdde",
      "links": [
        [
          "refined",
          "refined"
        ],
        [
          "elegant",
          "elegant"
        ],
        [
          "chaste",
          "chaste"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーが"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɡa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고아",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "고아",
        "rv": ""
      },
      "expansion": "高雅 • (goa) (hangeul 고아)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "고아"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 고아."
      ],
      "id": "en-高雅-ko-noun-7uMGPCoq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "고아",
          "고아#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of cao nhã."
      ],
      "id": "en-高雅-vi-noun-CDwIxQKq",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "cao nhã",
          "cao nhã#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dīxià",
      "word": "低下"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dīsú",
      "word": "低俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dījí",
      "word": "低級"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dījí",
      "word": "低级"
    },
    {
      "roman": "súqì",
      "word": "俗氣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "súqì",
      "word": "俗气"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuk6 gwat1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "俗骨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cāngsú",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "傖俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cāngsú",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "伧俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bēisú",
      "word": "卑俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōngsú",
      "word": "庸俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐsú",
      "word": "鄙俗"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐlìn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "鄙吝"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "gāoyǎ wénhuà",
      "word": "高雅文化"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese adjectives",
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Chinese adjectives",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hakka adjectives",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hokkien adjectives",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Mandarin adjectives",
        "Mandarin lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "elegant; refined; tasteful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "elegant",
          "elegant"
        ],
        [
          "refined",
          "refined"
        ],
        [
          "tasteful",
          "tasteful"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄠ ㄧㄚˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ ngaa⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kô-ngá"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaoyǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kao¹-ya³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāu-yǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gauyea"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гаоя"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaoja"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōu ngáh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ ngaa⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gou¹ nga⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kô-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "go´ nga`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "go¹ nga³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ko-ngá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koingar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko²⁴ ŋa³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko³³ ŋã⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋã⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "of music, scenery",
      "roman": "yōuměi",
      "word": "優美"
    },
    {
      "english": "of music, scenery",
      "roman": "yōuměi",
      "word": "优美"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diǎnyǎ",
      "word": "典雅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǔyǎ",
      "word": "古雅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xián",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "嫻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xián",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "娴"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiánjìng",
      "word": "嫻靜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiánjìng",
      "word": "娴静"
    },
    {
      "english": "of an environment",
      "roman": "yōuměi",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "幽美"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bīn",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "彬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bīnbīn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "彬彬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wényǎ",
      "word": "文雅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénjìng",
      "word": "文靜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénjìng",
      "word": "文静"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sīwén",
      "word": "斯文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "si1 wen2 tai1 tai1",
      "tags": [
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "word": "斯文胎胎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sīsīwénwén",
      "word": "斯斯文文"
    },
    {
      "english": "of music, scenery",
      "roman": "róuměi",
      "word": "柔美"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "酥巧"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ia3 sian4",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "雅相"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǎzhì",
      "word": "雅緻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǎzhì",
      "word": "雅致"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāoshàng",
      "word": "高尚"
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "高雅",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高雅な",
      "roman": "kōga na",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adnominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高雅に",
      "roman": "kōga ni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "雅",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうが",
        "hhira": "かうが",
        "infl": "na"
      },
      "expansion": "高(こう)雅(が) • (kōga) ^(←かうが (kauga)?)-na (adnominal 高(こう)雅(が)な (kōga na), adverbial 高(こう)雅(が)に (kōga ni))",
      "name": "ja-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese adjectives",
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
        "Japanese な-na adjectives"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "refined; elegant; chaste"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refined",
          "refined"
        ],
        [
          "elegant",
          "elegant"
        ],
        [
          "chaste",
          "chaste"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーが"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɡa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고아",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "고아",
        "rv": ""
      },
      "expansion": "高雅 • (goa) (hangeul 고아)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "고아"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 고아."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "고아",
          "고아#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "高雅",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
        "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of cao nhã."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "cao nhã",
          "cao nhã#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "高雅"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "高雅"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "高雅",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.